Environmental challenges of the airline industry

Environmental challenges of the airline industry The airline industry has to face one of its biggest challenges yet, in a world today of global recession, global warming and increasing shortages of raw materials. These factors as well as other challenges included in the analysis of the marketing environment of Aer Arann will be explained, so that to analyse how it can succeed and survive among its competitors. PESTEL: Political The EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is a step to face climate change and it aims to control industrial greenhouse gas emissions. It was launched in 2005 and it imposes a limit on the total amount of gas emissions that a factory or other systems are allowed to have. So companies can receive emission allowances which they may sell or buy when it is needed. The Airline industry will join the scheme in 2012 since it contributes increasingly to climate change. Emissions in this industry were increased by 100% from 1990 to 2006 (www.ec.europa.eu, 22/11/2010). This situation creates a long-term challenge for Aer Arann, because their costs will increase. Fortunately in 2006 Aer Arann made a purchase of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬180 million for ten new ATR 72-500 aircraft which are environmentally friendly since they have lower emissions of CO2, because of reduced fuel burn. They use up to 70% less fuel than other jets travelling the same routes. However they will still have to comply to the new em issions regulation so their costs will increase (www.aerarann.com, 22/11/2010). Garry Cullen, Managing Director stated: Aer Arann is committed to the principles of energy efficiency. Whilst the contribution of the aviation industry towards global warming is significantly less than other large polluters, our new ATR aircraft are recognised as the most fuel efficient aircraft in their category, emitting 20% less CO2 per passenger-km than newer jets. The ATR operates more efficiently than jet aircraft on short-haul routes (www.aerarann.com, 22/11/2010). Economic During the economic crisis customers do not travel so often whether it is for leisure or business so the demand falls. Aer Aranns passenger numbers went down by 20% in 2008 and that is why they announced 20% sale at that time even though a few months earlier they had carried a record number of passengers (www.aerarann.com, 23/11/2010). The subject of the annual general meeting of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) in Berlin 2010 was that Airlines look to overcome industry turbulence and cope with an oil price spike, a big drop in passenger numbers due to the global downturn and the volcanic ash cloud recently in Europe. Despite all these negative factors, IATAs latest figures show that global air traffic is back at the levels it was before the recession started. However profit margins for airlines are still tight (www.bbc.co.uk, 23/11/2010). Article reporter states: Northern Ireland has become one of the fiercest battlegrounds in the cut-price flight business. Budget airlines argue that the recession could actually be helpful for them in the long term for the reason that business travellers would switch to low-fares carriers (www.bbc.co.uk. 23/11/2010). Exchange rate variations can affect demand for air transport because customers will prefer to purchase a ticket when the rate will be better for them. Aer Arann operates a route from LOrient to the UK so it is significantly affected as pound to euro currency can change. Much of the initial growth and success of the company is due to the fact that Aer Arann has a competitive advantage among its competitors. Much of this development is due to the company being awarded Public Service Obligation (PSO) routes by the government (D.Jobber, 2007, p.66). PSO routes are given by the government to the airline to create access to and from specific regions which were not supported by commercially operated services (D.Jobber, 2007, p.66). The PSO routes are aiming to encourage tourism and business travellers to access these regions by air and not only with other means of transport. When an airline is awarded with a PSO route it has exclusivity on it for three years, so it is a good source of profit. Aer Arann gained almost à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬18.5 million from PSO routes in the past (D.Jobber, 2007, p.66). Aer Arann was awarded by the Irish Government to operate in Ireland nationally, from Dublin to Galway, Sligo, Donegal and Kerry (D.Jobber, 2007, p.66). Some of thes e locations are airports with shorter runways and this is an advantage for Aer Arann because of the small aircraft it operates. However PSO routes are awarded for three years only so Aer Arann should not be based on them on the longer term. There is not so much competition in PSO routes from other airlines when they do not have permission from the government except Loganair which operates some of the PSO routes in Ireland. Socio-cultural The airline industry as we know from the past can be affected negatively by global socio-cultural factors such as diseases and terrorism attacks. Some of them are the SARS, swine flu, terrorism attacks in London and September 11th in New York (D.Jobber, 2007, p.66). For these reasons Airline companies and airports worldwide were challenged to evolve their policies and procedures and spent further costs and time in the safety of the customers (www.ehow.com, 24/11/2010). The other aspect of socio-cultural factors affecting the airline industry has to do with trends, social structure, income and the culture in general of the customers. For example each individual will act in accordance with his/her social and geographical space and travel where friends will travel or where it is the best option for that season. So as the society changes, so must the airline industry if it intends to succeed. Technological Technology had a huge impact on consumers lives and companies profits. Technological evolution can offer opportunities for new product development and threats to existing markets. So marketing now is conducted differently because internet technology has allowed companies to communicate with the customers and distribute their product differently and more efficiently. This is called digital marketing (D.Jobber, 2007, p.67). In the case of Aer Arann the new product development is the online booking system they had launched successfully in 2006 and the threatened existing market are the travel agents. Online bookings are currently 80% of all Aer Arann sales (www.aerarann.com, 24/11/2010). Micheal OCallarain, Marketing Manager, Aer Arann said: We are continually looking at ways to enhance our service and believe that this new online functionality will prove invaluable to many of our passengers (www.aerarann.com, 24/11/2010). On the other hand it is not always a positive aspect because now consumers are more informed and have more access to information with a wider choice of airlines to choose from, so the airlines should lower their prices in order to compete with each other. Environmental One of the most important environmental factors concerning the world nowadays is global warming and climate change caused by greenhouse gases and this is why EU ETS exists. As every form of industry in the world has to consider this and comply with the emissions regulations so as the airline industry has to do it, at extra costs because it contributes to the air pollution (www.ec.europa.eu, 24/11/2010). Other physical environmental factors have affected the UK, the worldwide economy and especially airlines. The eruption of the Icelandic volcano a few months ago with the biggest ash cloud over Europe caused disruption for thousands of travellers in Europe and rest of the world (www.bbc.co.uk, 24/11/2010). At that time most of the EU countries were not allowed to operate any flights, so the effect on costs of the airlines was huge (www.bbc.co.uk, 24/11/2010). Met Office issued severe weather warnings for icy roads and snow for central and eastern Scotland and eastern parts of Northern Ireland these days. Several flights have been cancelled in the north of England after more heavy snowfall and Durham Tees Valley Airport and Newcastle Airport were closed (www.bbc.co.uk, 29/11/2010). The increasing shortages of raw material, specifically oil is another environmental factor which is not in favour of Aer Arann. Oil is a non-renewable source and it is impossible for most industries to exist without it. Fluctuations in oil prices happen all the time depending on different factors, therefore an increase in price will mean that Aer Arann should be prepared for it in the long run, unless a contract with its supplier is signed which will state a standard price for a long time. However a positive aspect to this factor is that Aer Arann is operating the ten new ATR 72-500 aircraft which are much more economical and need less fuel than other jets. So an increase in prices will affect more other airlines and less Aer Arann. It is worth mentioning here the economic situation in Ireland since Aer Arann is an Irish Carrier and it is affected. Reuters states that oil increased to a two-week high after the European Union approved a rescue plan for Ireland. Oil lost its upward cha nge after rising for two weeks as the rescue plan for Ireland failed to calm the concerns about the health of other EU members (www.reuters.com, 29/11/2010). Legal The government has increased taxation of the airline industry. The Independent states that the increase in 2010 of Air Passenger Duty (APD) will make family holidays unaffordable for many (www.independent.co.uk, 27/11/2010). It certainly has to be the last time that the travelling public faces APD rises. Some also suggest replacing APD with a per-plane tax, so customers could choose between airlines but not all the travel industry will agree on this. From the 1st of November 2010 passengers will have to pay for APD a percentage increase from 9% up to 55% depending on how many miles they are travelling in contrast with last year (www.independent.co.uk, 27/11/2010). This is why in such economic situations people prefer to travel by car, bus or train to closer locations for holidays rather than by plane so airline industries are concerned (www.bbc.co.uk, 29/11/2010). Aer Arann ´s customers will have to face these new taxes but these shouldn ´t cause high price rise because Aer Arann is a regional airline which operates in the UK, Ireland and some routes from LOrient. So its customers will not have to worry for APD up to 55% since they do not travel so many miles. PORTER ´S FIVE FORCES Threat of Entry Existing airlines such as Aer Arann are not concerned so much about new entries in the airline industry but are more concerned with the existing competition they have from similar types of airlines operating the same routes and have similar prices. In the airline industry there is not so much thread of new airlines since the costs for new entries are huge. The required initial capital is massive, professional experience in this field is required, operation costs are huge and the assets and financing will cost a lot as well. Furthermore airline companies need to comply with EU and International regulations and they need approval for flight operations. Threat of substitutes The more actual or potential substitutes exist for the product, the more unattractive the segment is (Kotler, 2009, p.305). Aer Arann does not only compete with other airlines but also with other modes of transport since it is a regional airline. These substitutes for air transport are road, rail, bus and ferry (D.Jobber, 2007, p.69). These substitutes affect the prices that Aer Arann offers and its profits. The advantage of air travelling is that it is much faster, although increased delays at airports due to safety precautions and air traffic control delays have lengthened the time needed. These substitutes may need more time to arrive to each destination but they cost much less and this is why Aer Arann has so low prices and makes offers and discounts. Business travellers are more likely to choose the airline transportation since they have to get to their destination quickly and they do not always worry about the extra cost because their companies may pay for it. Leisure traveller s are more likely to choose the other modes of transport since they are cheaper or they might want to enjoy the journey. Bargaining power of buyers A product or service becomes unattractive when buyers have strong bargaining power. This power becomes stronger when buyers are better informed so they are more selective, when switching costs are low, or when buyers are price sensitive because of the recession. The way they become more organised is the internet, so the best option for AerArann is to make superior offers (Kotler, 2009, p.305). Buyer power in PSO routes is not so strong because Aer Arann was awarded four out of six PSO routes in Ireland. However there is competition in commercial routes by Ryanair and Loganair. This is where buyer power is high because switching costs are not much or even in some cases Rynairs prices are lower. For example the ticket price from Aer Arann for the 1st of December 2010 to travel from Dublin to Edinburgh costs  £139.99 but from Ryanair costs only  £44.99 same day, same route (www.ryanair.com, www.aerarann.com, 29/11/2010). Bargaining power of suppliers The threat from bargaining power of suppliers is high for Aer Arann. Suppliers are becoming more powerful since there are few or no substitutes at all and the product is an important input. The product in the case of Aer Arann if fuel which is an absolute necessity for airlines. Aer Arann has to deal with unstable prices because of the limited amount of oil reserves. The best way to face this problem is to have good relationships with the suppliers and sign a contract with them for a certain period of time at a reasonable price so that Aer Arann will not be affected when oil prices are increased again. Airports are also considered as a high power supplier. Aer Arann has to face increasing charges from the airports is operates. These charges include runway movement charge, aircraft parking, air bridge use and passenger charge. Dublin Airport and Shannon Airport are considering increases in charges (www.dublinairport.com, www.airportcharges.com, 29/11/2010). Aer Arann should create trustworthy relationships together with the airports and this is why a five-year deal was announced with Southend Airport (www.news.bbc.co.uk, 29/11/2010) Competitive Rivalry Competitive rivalry is a challenge that Aer Arann has to consider in order to succeed. There is not much competition on PSO routes except from Loganair which operates two PSO routes. On the commercially operated routes there is a lot of competition mainly from Ryanair, Aer Lingus and British Airways. However Aer Arann and Aer Lingus have announced a franchise agreement between them for specific routes (www.aerarann.com, 28/11/2010). Aer Arann is known as one of the fastest-growing regional airlines in Europe because of the strategy it follows and the competitive advantage it has (D.Jobber, 2007, p.66). The strategy of the company includes no chech-in fees, lowest check-in time in Ireland, allocated seating and direct flight to where customers want (www.aerarann.com, 28/11/2010). A disadvantage emerging from the competition is that Ryanair is considered a leading low cost operator and this is justified by some lower cost offers than Aer Arann so it is a big challenge. However Ryanair operates larger types of aircraft so they are not able to use shorter runways as Aer Arann and Ryanair will have to spend much more for emission allowances. (2) What marketing recommendations would you make to Aer Arann in order for it to enjoy sustained and ongoing commercial success? One of the most important aspects and key factors for the success of Aer Arann is the leadership and governance structure. Through the development of an excellent leadership the company is guaranteed to go the right way in the future. The experience and capabilities of employees are ingredients to the successful running of the business. Quality in the management of the company is crucial in order to face the challenges of the future, to make the right decisions when required and most importantly to push the business forward rather than let it fall down to the bottom when harsh situations arise. Another suggestion which also has to do with the companys actors, concerns the right selection of employees. The companys employees can be described as valuable assets because they affect directly the good will and reputation of the company. The relationship between customers and employees is very important in order to achieve long-term and repetitive sales and therefore profit maximization. Therefore, careful selection of the staff is required and qualifications such as professionalism, willingness, friendliness and courteousness, should be fundamental criteria. The promotion of Aer Arann through the various travelling and business magazines is another suggestion to boost the performance of the business. A range of marketing strategies such as special offers, discounts and awards can be promoted on the website of the company, in order to attract the attention of the customers. For example, to make the company well-known through internet advertisements, online social networks and Google. Aer Araan should seek for the best supplier option and build good relationships with them. If the company enters into a contract with its fuel supplier for supplying them with fuel for an agreed price over a certain period, then the company will be able to save costs from the rising prices for fuel. Also, another important idea for Aer Arann, will be to watch carefully the activities of their competitors in order to be prepared for their strategies. By keeping an eye on the progression of other companies, will help them not only to predict but also to compete with their activities. For example, Rynairs low-cost fares offers during selected days of the week will be a good starting point to be replicated. Furthermore, the creation of a loyal customer award scheme is another strategic proposal for the company. It will work on the basis of collecting points when buying a ticket and after a completion of a certain amount of points the customer will be able to exchange those points with a free ticket or a discount on a ticket. By applying this scheme, the company will attract more customers and also will secure returning customers. In the field of the corporate social responsibility of the company, there is a proposal to associate itself with green activities. The awareness of our society for the environment has increased significantly over the past decades and any kind of help from the company would be appreciated by the customers and the society as a whole. For example, short-term campaigns that will donate a small amount from the price of the ticket for environmental purposes can be organised periodically. This will significantly help to improve companys reputation. Another idea that the company can adopt, is the involvement with the sports teams of the country. Aer Arann can attempt a partnership with sports teams in Ireland or the UK and be the exclusive airline for these teams. Also they can be sponsors of important sports events and teams in order to promote the company and strengthen their reputation. Finally, the company is suggested to assess which routes are more profitable and minimize the number of flights which are less profitable and even suspend those which are non-profitable. Moreover, the company in order to be able to develop and produce what customers demand, is suggested to carry out some customer-satisfaction and evaluation researches which will be focusing on aspects such as customer satisfaction, services assessment, opinion about the prices. Then the company will be able to improve any weaknesses.

Impacts of Business Environment Change Essay

IP/MIP techniques have been used most often to aid supply chain configuration decisions and there have been many successful applications [9]. Two recent articles [9; 11] made comprehensive reviews about facility location models relevant to global manufacturing operations. This review section focuses on optimization models which are closely related with impacts of business environment cost parameters on the design of manufacturing networks. Cohen and Lee [12] developed a MIP model for a global manufacturing and distribution network. It demonstrated significant impacts of changes in the foreign exchange rate. Cohen and Moon [13] used a MIP model to analyze impacts of changes in a firm’s cost environment. It was found that scale economies, scope economies, and transportation costs could alter optimal facility network design strategies. Vidal and Goetschalckx [14] analyzed impacts of uncertainties on global supply chains through a MIP model. Foreign exchange rate was identified to be influential on global supply chain configurations. Using a two-stage optimization model, Kulkarni et al. [15] evaluated trade-offs between risk pooling and logistics costs in a multi-plant network with commonality. Their analyses showed that impacts of operational cost parameters may be significant and non-intuitive. All these models suggested that cost parameters have significant impacts on manufacturing facility location decisions, and may even alter supply chain configuration strategies. However, they only considered a single objective of profits or costs. The consideration of both costs and responsiveness was seen in the reconfiguration of global manufacturing and distribution network at Digital Equipment Corporation. It used a bi-objective model to minimize total costs and activity days. The model was implemented successfully with savings over $100 million [10]. However, the application did not explore impacts of changes in cost parameters. Overall, there is a lack of using a bi-objective approach to analyze impacts of business environment changes on the configuration of GMNs.

Marriage Is An Institution That Is Important - 1455 Words

Marriage is an institution that is very sacred to many people in the world as well as an old institution. Therefore ideas about marriage have changed throughout the years as well as ideas about sex and gender, for these concepts have been notoriously linked and effect one another’s evolution. The Eighteenth Century marked a period of changing attitudes of marriage and therefore sex and gender. For centuries before this period, the Catholic Church dominated the domain of marriage, controlling the sex lives and gender roles that existed within this institution. The accepted idea was that marriage was only intended for reproduction purposes and to insure the continuation of the gender roles of society. Women needed marriage to have a place in society to be financially supported. It also was not acceptable for sex to exist outside marriage, as it was viewed as sinful, with its only purposed being viewed for reproduction. Also the Church controlled all the laws on marriage and only they had the power to grant this right. With the dawn of the Protestant Reformation in the Sixteenth Century, these ideas of the purpose of marriage began to shift. Martin Luther, the leading force behind the reformation, began to stress the importance of love within marriage. Luther argued love was important because it ensured a strong emotional connection and support system between spouses which only strengthen the institution of marriage (Class Notes, 9/1). During this period of new views onShow MoreRelatedMarriage Is An Important Social Institution For Families2015 Words   |  9 Pageshistory marriage has served as a means of providing individuals with many of their needs. As time has gone on, the structure of the family unit has continuously evolved resulting in an alteration in the function of marriage. 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Hypothesis Test for Comparing Two Proportions

In this article we will go through the steps necessary to perform a hypothesis test, or test of significance, for the difference of two population proportions.  This allows us to compare two unknown proportions and infer if they are not equal to each other or if one is greater than another. Hypothesis Test Overview and Background Before we go into the specifics of our hypothesis test, we will look at the framework of hypothesis tests.  In a test of significance we attempt to show that a statement concerning the value of a population  parameter (or sometimes the nature of the population itself) is likely to be true.   We amass evidence for this statement by conducting a statistical sample.  We calculate a statistic from this sample.  The value of this statistic is what we use to determine the truth of the original statement.  This process contains uncertainty, however we are able to quantify this uncertainty The overall process for a hypothesis test is given by the list below: Make sure that the conditions that are necessary for our test are satisfied.Clearly state the null and alternative hypotheses. The alternative hypothesis may involve a one-sided or a two-sided test.  We should also determine the level of significance, which will be denoted by the Greek letter alpha.Calculate the test statistic. The type of statistic that we use depends upon the particular test that we are conducting.  The calculation relies upon our statistical sample.  Calculate the p-value. The test statistic can be translated into a p-value.  A p-value is the probability of chance alone producing the value of our test statistic under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true. The overall rule is that the smaller the p-value, the greater the evidence against the null hypothesis.Draw a conclusion. Finally we use the value of alpha that was already selected as a threshold value.  The decision rule is that If the p-value is less than or equal to alpha, then we reject t he null hypothesis. Otherwise we fail to reject the null hypothesis. Now that we have seen the framework for a hypothesis test, we will see the specifics for a hypothesis test for the difference of two population proportions.   The Conditions A hypothesis test for the difference of two population proportions requires that the following conditions are met:   We have two simple random samples from large populations.  Here large means that the population is at least 20 times larger than the size of the sample. The sample sizes will be denoted by n1 and n2.The individuals in our samples have been chosen independently of one another.  The populations themselves must also be independent.There are at least 10 successes and 10 failures in both of our samples. As long as these conditions have been satisfied, we can continue with our hypothesis test. The Null and Alternative Hypotheses Now we need to consider the hypotheses for our test of significance.  The null hypothesis is our statement of no effect.  In this particular type of hypothesis test our null hypothesis is that there is no difference between the two population proportions.  We can write this as H0: p1 p2. The alternative hypothesis is one of three possibilities, depending upon the specifics of what we are testing for:   Ha:  p1 is greater than p2. This is a one-tailed or one-sided test.Ha: p1 is less than p2. This is also one-sided test.Ha: p1 is not equal to p2. This is a two-tailed or two-sided test. As always, in order to be cautious, we should use the two-sided alternative hypothesis if we do not have a direction in mind before we obtain our sample.  The reason for doing this is that it is harder to reject the null hypothesis with a two-sided test. The three hypotheses can be rewritten by stating how p1 - p2 is related to the value zero.  To be more specific, the null hypothesis would become H0:p1 - p2 0.  The potential alternative hypotheses would be written as: Ha:  p1 - p2   0 is equivalent to the statement p1 is greater than p2.Ha:  p1 - p2  Ã‚  0 is equivalent to the statement p1 is less than p2.Ha:  p1 - p2  Ã‚  Ã¢â€°   0 is equivalent to  the statement p1 is not equal to p2. This equivalent formulation actually shows us a little bit more of what is happening behind the scenes.  What we are doing in this hypothesis test is turning the two parameters p1 and p2  into the single parameter p1 - p2.  We then test this new parameter against the value zero.   The Test Statistic The formula for the test statistic is given in the image above.  Ã‚  An explanation of each of the terms follows: The sample from the first population has size n1.  The number of successes from this sample (which is not directly seen in the formula above) is k1. The sample from the second population has size n2.  The number of successes from this sample is k2.The sample proportions are  p1-hat k1 / n1  and p2-hat   k2 / n2 .We then combine or pool the successes from both of these samples and obtain:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   p-hat ( k1 k2) / ( n1 n2). As always, be careful with order of operations when calculating.  Everything underneath the radical must be calculated before taking  the square root. The P-Value The next step is to calculate the p-value that corresponds to our test statistic. We use a standard normal distribution for our statistic and consult a table of values or use statistical software.   The details of our p-value calculation depend upon the alternative hypothesis we are using: For Ha: p1 - p2   0, we calculate the proportion of the normal distribution that is greater than Z.For Ha: p1 - p2  Ã‚  0, we calculate the proportion of the normal distribution that is less than Z.For Ha: p1 - p2  Ã‚  Ã¢â€°   0, we calculate the proportion of the normal distribution that is greater than |Z|, the absolute value of Z.  After this, to account for the fact that we have a two-tailed test, we double the proportion.   Decision Rule Now we make a decision on whether to reject the null hypothesis (and thereby accept the alternative), or to fail to reject the null hypothesis.  We make this decision by comparing our p-value to the level of significance alpha. If the p-value is less than or equal to alpha, then we reject the null hypothesis. This means that we have a statistically significant result and that we are going to accept the alternative hypothesis.If the p-value is greater than alpha, then we fail to reject the null hypothesis. This does not prove that the null hypothesis is true. Instead it means that we did not obtain convincing enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.   Special Note The confidence interval for the difference of two population proportions does not pool the successes, whereas the hypothesis test does.  The reason for this is that our null hypothesis assumes that p1 - p2 0.  The confidence interval does not assume this.  Some statisticians do not pool the successes for this hypothesis test, and instead use a slightly modified version of the above test statistic.

Same Sex Marriages Should Be Legal - 1713 Words

Same-sex marriages have a same gender identity or biological as gay and lesbian couples. Not a long time ago, people did not understand about gays, homosexualities, and these married situations. Therefore, they have many false ideas about gays and think homosexuality is against God and nature. After many years, gay people fought for same-sex rights and had many improvements in understanding these relations. Besides, more people had open minds to homosexuality and accepted gay marriages. According to â€Å"Supreme Court Strike down Bans on Same-Sex marriage,† Richard Wolf and Brad Heath (usatoday.com, June 26,2015) wrote that The US Supreme Court allowed same-sex marriages legally in fifty states. In other words, gays and lesbians have freedom rights to love and marry like any normal person. Millions of Americans were very happy because gay couples became legally during their waiting and struggling a long time, and this was also a historic milestone. Although some people still dispute against this problem, I believe that the law and we should have equal rights for the gay couples become legally because they have the human rights and have the right to pursue their happiness, adopt children, and people should not discriminate against them. The US Supreme Court expanded the freedom right for gay couples to follow their happiness because they have right to love anybody from their heart. People should not discriminate same-sex couples because they also have the living right as normalShow MoreRelatedSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1288 Words   |  6 Pages Marriage is not precisely the same as it used to be interpreted. For example, women used to be their husband’s property. Sometimes the women were forced to marry whoever their parents wanted them to marry and most of the time they couldn’t leave the marriage. Nowadays women have more freedom. They can vote, they can run their own business, and they can marry whichever man they want to. The laws change as the people’s mind change. As they get more comfortable with the idea, they become more openRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesSame sex relationships relate to when a man or woman are attracted to someone of the same gender of themselves. It is being rejected as same gender marriage denies the obvious purpose between a man and a women which is procreation (Richardson-Self, 2012). Denying same sex couples the legal right to get married, could mean that they are being denied their basic human rights to enjoy human benefits (Richardson-Self, 2012). However, the opposing view is that if gay marriage was granted the legal rightsRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1403 Words   |  6 PagesSame-Sex Marriage â€Å"I now pronounce you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  At some point in a person’s life, they have heard or will hear those words. What follows, however, has changed somewhat over the years; although, the commitment has remained the same. Those words historically indicate that until the death of a spouse, that couple shall remain together. Who should be able to determine whom that spouse is for that person? Some people judge others for their sexuality and how it is affecting them, but they never stop andRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1144 Words   |  5 PagesGay Marriage There are many issues the revolve around same-sex marriage. Many issues like: Whether same-sex should be legalized and should there be an amendment on same-sex marriage? There are multiple side to view this, but gay marriage but in my opinion gay marriage is socially accepted. it should be legal and it does affect American teens in a broad spectrum of ways. There have been a lot of issues on whether or not same-sex marriage should be legal or not. According to Burns, â€Å" The unionRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal998 Words   |  4 PagesSame sex marriage ought to be legalized on the grounds that it is uncivilized and unmerited. Marriage is a commitment between two people that cherish one another. In almost every country and culture, marriage is a commitment of loyalty and love. Marriage is an authority contract gathering two individuals together, furnishing them with profits of holy matrimony such as tax cuts and clinical privileges. The debate throughout most countries today is whether or not the rights of these profits and commitmentsRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1659 Words   |  7 Pages Same-sex couples can hardly remember a time where they were not fighting for their right to marriage in the United States. After several court cases, California Proposition Six, and their struggle against the Defens e of Marriage Act (DOMA), same-sex couples found their way into U.S. society. Many misguided studies appealed to those opposing same-sex marriage, but after several years of integrating in society, same-sex couples found the support they were looking for. Before the Supreme CourtRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal899 Words   |  4 Pages In the United States, same sex marriage became legal nationwide on June 26, 2015, when the United States Supreme Court overruled the court in favor of same sex freedom and marriage. The victory of same sex marriage came to be recognized from the Obergefell v. Hodges case which was submitted when an American Ohio man was denied and regretted to get his name on his late husband’s death certificate. Same sex marriage has been a controversial social issue in the United States for several decades. SinceRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1491 Words   |  6 PagesSame sex marriage is one of the most debatable issues in the modern world. Marriage has been accepted as the social union between a man and a woman for the past thousand years. Homosexuality was viewed with scorn, and marriages among same sex couples were prohibited in most cultures across the globe. However, gay relationships are slowly obtaining acceptance, as homosexuals have come to be expressive in fighting their rights to marry in the early 90’s. As homosexuality grows in acceptance in theRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal892 Words   |  4 PagesLove Same sex marriage is now allowed in all states across the country. But it took years and years for this â€Å"issue† to be finally laid to rest. The first state to legalize same-sex marriage was Massachusetts in 2004. There was not a last state to legalize gay marriage. The supreme court realized how many states were now legalizing it, so they just had all of the states left legalize it as well. ProCon.org supplies information that â€Å"Twenty-six states were forced to legalize gay marriage becauseRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal2253 Words   |  10 Pages1776). The recognition of same-sex marriage is an issue influenced by numerous factors, and debates continue to arise over whether people in same-sex relationships have the right to marriage. Marriage provides many benefits, legally, financially, and personally. Same-sex marriage can open up those in same-sex relationships to tax benefits and financial demands comparable to those afforded to and required of peo ple in opposite-sex marriages. Same-sex marriage also gives them legal protections, such as

Appendix a †Meditation Worksheet Free Essays

Appendix A – Meditation Worksheet Veronica P. Sally-Garner PSY/211 ESSENTIALS OF PSYCHOLOGY Thursday, October 20, 2011 Instructor: Terry Browning Appendix A Meditation Worksheet Directions: Locate two resources on the Internet that explain meditation techniques. Copy and paste the web address into the top of the matrix. We will write a custom essay sample on Appendix a – Meditation Worksheet or any similar topic only for you Order Now After reviewing the website, provide a brief summary for each source. Below your summary, list two interesting facts you learned from each site. Try the techniques you located in your Internet search. Provide a brief description of what happened in your experience. Be sure to answer the two questions below the matrix also. Web Address (URL):| http://bestmeditationtechniques. org/the-basics-of-meditation| http://www. mum. edu/meditation. html? gclid=CKOsutyS-KsCFQ1U7Aod9HlUKw| Summary of resource:| Things happen so quickly in this fast-paced world. Decisions are made without thought. This could cause stress to build and affect the way people deal with life. Everyone needs to stop and take a few minutes to calm down. So if life is stressing you out, it’s time to slow down. Meditation can help relieve stress and worries. The practice of meditation is a way to be still for a while and let our minds become focused until we become calm enough to deal with the daily pressures of life. | Mediation can mean different things to different people. Mediation can be defined in three main types: focused attention- concentration, open monitoring-contemplation, and automatic self-transcending – the Transcendental Mediation Program. Transcendental Meditation also known as TM. TM is the most widely practiced, most researched, and most effective method of self-development mediation technique. Two interestingFacts: | 1. Meditation can improve Concentration. Two commonly used exercises are: Mantra – a phrase or a sound that is recited repeatedlyBreathing – achieved by inhaling through the nose, letting the diaphragm (not the chest) expand and exhaling through the mouth 2. Breathing is an integral part of meditation. Proper breathing is required in many practices of meditation and is therefore an im portant tool to be possessed by people who wish to mediate. The practice of proper breathing while meditating slows down a person’s heart rate which leads to a relaxed mood. While this may sound easy, it can be quite challenging when done for the first time. | 1. Transcendental Meditation is the most popular technique. It is practiced by people of all ages, cultures, and religions. More than five million people worldwide practice this simple, natural technique. 2. People who practice Transcendental Meditation find themselves more alert, calmer, more energetic, dynamic, yet somehow wiser, as if you have a broader perspective on their daily activities and experiences. | What happened after you tried each technique? | After trying each technique one should feel relaxed and a sense of heighten awareness. Meditation helps the mind become less distracted. | After trying Transcendental Meditation one should have more confidence and higher self esteem. | 1. Do you think meditation leads to heightened sensation and perception? Explain why or why not. ————————————————- Mediation can lead to heightened sensation and perception. Each is different but ————————————————- complements each other. Sensation is the process by which we sense through touch, smell, ————————————————- sight, taste and smell. Perception is our way of interpreting what these sensations mean and ————————————————- how to make sense of it. 2. Have you considered integrating meditation into your own lifestyle? If so, list one strategy for fitting meditation into your schedule. If not, explain why. ————————————————- I have integrated meditation into my personal lifestyle with physical exercise. Physical ————————————————- exercise promotes overall fitness, helps manage emotional stress and relieves tension. How to cite Appendix a – Meditation Worksheet, Papers

Media Advertising The Army Advertising Campaign Essay Example For Students

Media Advertising The Army Advertising Campaign Essay Targets You! Exploratory Essays Research PapersThe U. S. Army Advertising Campaign Targets You! The United States Army recruitment campaign slogan of An Army of One, is reminiscent of the legendary Musketeers code. These men protected the king and lived by the phrase One for All and All for One. To the Musketeers this represented the power they found in unity as well as in individuality, combined. This relationship, though somewhat subtle, is simply a play on the recent felt need of many to serve and protect their country and freedom. The U.S. Army uses television, print, and now the World Wide Web with an interactive internet website, at www. goarmy.com, for recruiting males and females from right out of high school, to the age of 35, although this particularly is trying to reach the large, new internet using group of young people today. The new Go Army ad campaign from the United States Army, successfully overcomes its slight lack of logical reasoning, by appealing to its audiences interests by using the implicit high reputation that the U.S. Army entails and by employing the surge of patriotic and sense of duty; as well as visually captivating graphics that draw on desires to be adventurous and exotic. The site has visually stimulating graphics of men and women in their various uniforms all set in backgrounds of diverse locations. From the starting page there is a man dressed in winter gear in the foreground, with snow-capped alpine mountain peaks behind him. While the page is loading a flash quote reads, Ive trained in desert, urban, jungle, and alpine. .. Next to this picturesque scene is the army logo, with the phrase written down the side An Army of One. This is characteristic of the sites use of attractive visuals to appeal to its audience. There are various pop-up options available at the bottom of the screen, including; enlistment bonus, learn about the online game, partnership for youth success, and hot shots. Another sidebar also includes ice soldier-pushing the limits, arena football, and career professionals. Each element is meant to appeal to a different aspect of their intended audience. The U. S. army deliberately de-emphasized the logical reasoning of their purpose, to ask their audience to join the army. This was an intelligent decision in and of itself because there really arent many good logical reasons to join the army. They dont make any statements on the website like join the army and become strong and healthy, because obviously there are much safer ways to become strong and healthy. Or, join the army because its the best way to make money, because like before, there are safer ways to make money. They specifically dont make mention of any logos because for one, there just arent any really good reasons, and two, because it isnt necessary due to the number and strength of the messages ethos and pathos. The U.S. army uses the fact that it is so well known and highly regarded worldwide, to support its appeal. The U.S Army has been protecting the country since its creation and everyone knows that. From the very opening page of the website there is the Army emblem right there on the side. This denotes credibility. The opening page also shows someone in full dress uniform. When you see someone in an Army uniform, this alone draws your respect for the person. The website also emphasizes other points through its pop-up options, such as the one that talks about the Army Marksmen team that is to compete in a worldwide competition, the heading reads, Armys top marksmen among worlds best. This strong emphasis on ethos is a wise decision because it is very well manifest. In another pop-up option they use an association with a high-class society to support their credibility. This is seen in the option that reads, Partnership for youth success. Jumpstart your career. Critical accounting theory Essay Its asks you to enter the world of the ice soldiers, once again to make that strong appeal to the desire to be in exotic and exciting situations. This is successful because they show such diverse locations very vividly in their graphics and use such highly descriptive terms as vertical ice and roaring winds that appeals to the flood of extreme sports lovers. The ad does not leave out the casual observer of sports however. The option of Arena Football attracts the attention of sports lovers. The visuals in this part of the ad are especially appealing to fans of sports because they are so full of action. The picture shows an actual play in motion of someone running from the opposing team with the ball, and it is all in close-up. The diction here is also very well chosen because they use phrases like force to be reckoned with. The message in this part of the ad is that there is probably no sport more closely associated with the Army than football. This is another good choice of association. Football has become a very popular sport in the U.S., even surpassing at times the viewers of baseball. As a member of this intended audience, being born in Texas, and therefore having football in my blood, I feel this is strongly appeals to me. Not only as seeing them in a game of this different version of the sport, but also in the things they offer at the games. They offer things like prizes, interactive games, and free jerseys. This is a very successful mode of appealing to sports enthusiasts. The U.S. army also makes an attempt to appeal to a larger audience by offering an online video game. This would attract the attention of many youth who are now into this recent fad. The pop-up screen strengthens this appeal by using such terms as innovative and highly realistic. This Official Army Game, therefore reaches its intended audience of the computer savvy generation that has begun to emerge. The purpose is to get these young people to play this game, so that their interest in signing up and doing the real thing might grow. In my case however, because I only play these games because Im too lazy to do the real thing, this method might not be so effective. But the army even has that base covered by stating that just by playing their new game you can Gain experience as a Soldier in the U.S. Army, without ever leaving your desk. The scene it portrays appears to be a desert campaign, so there may also be an implied pull here at recent events in the Middle East. Therefore there may be more than just a fun appeal here, but also a type of appeal to political beliefs and interests. Overall, the U.S. Army most successfully uses the emotion of patriotism as well as the Armys reputation to successfully appeal to its intended audience. They made their message even more appealing, by presenting the message over a wide medium, which is the World Wide Web. By expanding their audience to sports lovers, marksmen, and the online game players of today, they will gain that much more coverage and attract that many more recruits. These reasons would be enough for me to join if I didnt have any other reasons not to do so. Personally, I feel I owe my country so much for the freedoms it provides me, and the army for protecting those freedoms. I feel a strong sense of duty to serve my country, and I almost enlisted the day the towers fell, but an even deeper emotion runs through me, and that is toward my mother. Because she is truly the one who provides me with all that I have, and if she had let me go that day, I would have. Needless to say, she did not, and so I am here. My mother says I can serve my country better this way.